HPV, or Human Papillomavirus, is among the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide.
Credits: Phelps Health
It impacts millions of people globally, many of whom may be unaware they are carriers. The topic can often seem confusing because HPV encompasses various types, some leading to severe health complications.
In this blog post, we will delve into what HPV is, how it spreads and its potential health risks while also offering tips on protection against the virus.
What is HPV?
Human Papillomavirus is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections (STIs) globally, impacting millions of people who may not even be aware they are infected.
The topic can be perplexing due to the existence of various HPV types, some posing significant health risks.
This blog aims to clarify what Human Papillomavirus is, how it spreads, its possible health implications, and strategies for protection against it.
Low-risk Human Papillomavirus – These strains can lead to the formation of skin warts, such as genital warts, but they do not cause cancer.
High-risk Human Papillomavirus – These types have the potential to cause cancer, including cervical cancer as well as other forms such as anal, throat, and penile cancers.
How Does Human Papillomavirus Spread?
Human Papillomavirus mainly spreads through skin-to-skin contact, typically occurring during sexual activities such as vaginal, anal, and oral sex.
Unlike other STIs, its transmission doesn’t necessitate an exchange of bodily fluids; merely touching an infected area of skin is sufficient for the virus to spread.
It’s important to note that penetrative sex isn’t necessary for contracting Human Papillomavirus.
Intimate contact with the genital area alone can be enough to transmit the virus, which is a key reason why Human Papillomavirus is so widespread.
Can You Get HPV Without Symptoms?
Yes, the majority of individuals with Human Papillomavirus do not exhibit any symptoms, which can make it difficult to determine whether you or your partner has contracted the virus.
In many instances, a person’s immune system eliminates the virus naturally within two years without resulting in any health issues.
However, if the virus persists beyond this period, there is an increased risk of developing warts or cancers.
Health Risks Associated with Human Papillomavirus
Genital Warts
A common symptom associated with low-risk Human Papillomavirus types is the appearance of genital warts.
These small growths can surface on various genital areas, such as the vulva, vagina, cervix, penis, scrotum, or anus.
Although not harmful to health, genital warts may cause discomfort and embarrassment for those affected.
Cervical Cancer
High-risk types of Human Papillomavirus, particularly Human Papillomavirus 16 and Human Papillomavirus 18, are the leading causes of cervical cancer.
Nearly all cases of cervical cancer are associated with an Human Papillomavirus infection.
Consequently, regular screenings like Pap smears (Pap tests) play a vital role for women by identifying abnormal changes in cervical cells before they have the chance to become cancerous.
Who is at Risk for HPV?
Anyone who is sexually active can contract HPV, and due to the prevalence of the virus, it’s impossible to predict exactly who will experience symptoms or health issues from it.
Nonetheless, certain risk factors may elevate your likelihood of persistent HPV infections or related health complications:
Having multiple sexual partners increases your likelihood of encountering Human Papillomavirus.
Unprotected sex: While condoms can lower the risk of Human Papillomavirus transmission, they don’t provide complete protection since they do not cover all genital areas.
Compromised immune system: Individuals with compromised immune systems, including those living with HIV/AIDS or taking immunosuppressive medications, may be at a higher risk for persistent HPV infections.
Can Human Papillomavirus Be Prevented?
HPV Immunization
A highly effective way to safeguard against HPV-related health issues is by getting the HPV vaccine.
This immunization provides robust protection against the strains of HPV most commonly associated with genital warts and various cancers.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises that boys and girls receive the HPV vaccine around age 11 or 12, ideally before they become sexually active.
Nevertheless, older teens and adults up to age 45 can still benefit from being vaccinated. The vaccination series generally consists of two or three doses, depending on the individual’s age when it is initiated.
Safe Sex Practices
While condoms and dental dams can reduce the risk of HPV transmission, they don’t provide complete protection.
This is because HPV can infect areas that these barriers do not cover, such as the skin around the genital region. Nevertheless, using condoms consistently and correctly can significantly lower your overall risk.
Regular Screenings
For women, regular Pap smears and HPV tests are essential for the early detection of cervical cancer or precancerous changes.
These screenings are usually advised every three to five years, based on age and health history. Early diagnosis is crucial in preventing more serious health complications.
What to Do if You Have Human Papillomavirus
Although there is no cure for HPV itself, most cases resolve naturally without causing harm.
However, if you have a type of HPV that results in health issues like genital warts or precancerous changes, your doctor can offer treatments to manage those conditions effectively.
For genital warts: Medications and procedures can help remove the warts, but they do not eliminate the underlying virus.
For cervical precancerous changes: Early detection allows for the treatment of abnormal cervical cells before they have a chance to develop into cancer.
Conclusion
HPV is a widespread virus with health effects that can vary from mild to severe.
While the majority of individuals infected with HPV will remain asymptomatic, early detection and preventive strategies such as vaccination are crucial for those who develop symptoms.
To reduce the risks associated with HPV, it’s essential to understand how it’s transmitted and take proactive measures like getting vaccinated and practicing safe sex.
Additionally, regular cervical cancer screenings are vital for women since HPV is the primary cause of this preventable cancer.
Stay informed, stay protected, and consult your healthcare provider if you have any concerns regarding HPV.
